Marketing and Unilever

(Case Study)Analysis of Comfort Vietnam EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Unilever is a fully multinational corporation with operating companies and factories scattering all around the world, and manufacture foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever owns more than 400 brands but its 13 â€Å"billion-dollar brands† fall mostly into two categories: Food and Beverage, and Home and Personal Care. Unilever started its operation in Vietnam in 1995.Since then, Unilever Vietnam (UVN) has achieved a strong and rapid growth, and managed to become the market leader in almost every sub-sector it has entered in spite of facing lots of harsh competition, especially in a country where investment is ample, rising not only domestic competitors but also attracting big foreign ones such as Nestle or PepsiCo. This paper, based on secondary research, is composed with the aim of presenting an overview of Unilever’s activities in Vietnam through the study of its current market, m arketing environment, customers, competitors, and particularly brand and SWOT analysis.We would mainly bring Comfort-the fabric softener into focus. In brief, some of its strength are secured financial background and reasonable pricing and high adaptability. It also has weaknesses such as probable misperception. And even though UVN has to face harsh competition and other threats that pose a hazard, it also can take advantages of opportunities like the domestic market having evolved much. From the analysis, we draw several suggestions for the company’s promotion strategies such as keeping going with public campaigns.COMPANY ANALYSIS Mission Statement Unilever is a multinational business that owns many of the world’s consumer product brands in foods, beverage, cleaning agents and personal care products. Since the commencement of Unilever’s operation in Vietnam in 1995, Unilever Vietnam has successfully grown to become a leading-fast moving consumer goods company i n the local market. Guided by the mission â€Å"To add vitality to life†, the company has diligently fulfilled its commitment to raising the quality of life for people everywhere through the rovision of its branded products and services. Every product line is originated and developed perfectly in tune with the overall mission. Knorr, for instance, the leader in Vietnam’s granule market with total share of more than 70%, originally founded on the belief that â€Å"Good food matters† since it adds untold pleasure to our lives. Or Comfort, which has been ranked the number 1 fabric conditioner in Vietnam with more than 55% of market share since 1999, lets people â€Å"Do the little extra thing for the one you love†.Or Lifebuoy, a market leader in every Asian market where it is sold, has made its goal clear is to provide affordable and accessible hygiene and health solutions for every person. Besides working on its production to provide the best for people, Un ilever Vietnam is also actively involved in social activities to help raise the living standards and improving the well-being for Vietnamese people. It has contributed more than VND 200 billion to the society through a wide range of projects such as â€Å"P/S protects Vietnamese Smiles Program†, â€Å"For Bright Eyes of Children†, and â€Å"Pride of Ha Long†.Company Objectives In accordance with the mission statement, the company sets up its corporate objectives guiding the present and future development of the company over the next 12 months as follows: †¢ Win share and grow volume profitably across categories and countries. †¢ Offer a broad portfolio of brands that appeal to consumers with different needs and budgets. †¢ Leverage technology to create bigger, better innovation platforms that will be rolled out faster to multiple markets. †¢ Enhance and broaden relationship with customers.Brand analysis 1, Brand `s current performance Brand i s the most important component to create success for a company, so it’s necessary for marketers to realize the brand’s current performance in the market and from that developing appropriate marketing strategies for improvement by using product life-cycle (PLC) stages, a useful framework for describing how products and markets work. There are five main stages namely Product Development, Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline.Product development and Introduction refer to the period of launching goods and services while Decline is when the company stops expanding and spending on the product and develop another new one instead. In the case of Comfort, it can be said that they are in the period of rapid market acceptance and sales growth (the growth stage). Caring for your clothes is important as it allows you look good and feel good. Understanding this, in 1999 Market Leader of Unilever Viet Nam launched Comfort with the aim of making customers feel cared for everyday by bringing oftness and longlasting freshness to their clothes . Immediately, Comfort has long been winning the love and loyalty of consumers with more than 55% market share and become the number one fabric conditioner in Vietnam. These are the evidences to support the fact that Unilever Viet Nam has been developing very good marketing strategies for their brand-Comfort. 2, Current marketing strategy for the brand Unilever Company has been implementing the international marketing strategies in Viet Nam market following Marketing Mix 4Ps framework. , Place Comfort has been distributed over the country, with over 100,000 places, which makes a convenient access for customers and any suppliers. Nowadays, when the transportation becomes more advanced with different kinds of vehicles, it is easier for Unilever Viet Nam to allocate the product to customers in different areas and regions. 2, Product In terms of quality, Comfort not only delivers exceptional softness to clothes, but it also offers a variety of well-loved fragrances. Some of which are Lily, Huong Ban Mai, rose scent etc. Fragrance Angels are the icons for Comfort's long-lasting fragrances.With the desire to meet the changing needs of consumers, Comfort keeps innovating and introducing new products to the market. Not only offering softness and long-lasting freshness, but Comfort also introduces extra benefits of the products. Comfort White, the only fabrics conditioner endorsed by the Dermatology Institute of Vietnam that is safe for sensitive skin, is the best choice to protect the skin and make clothes very soft, which is very suitable for baby’s clothes. Active Confident with tea tree oil extract protects the clothes from malodor and keeps customers feeling fresh and active the whole day long.The latest innovation on the February 2006 is Comfort Thom Lau Huong Ban Mai (Blue Concentrate) with fragrance capsules which protect the perfume and only releases it during wearing. These innovations agai n reinforce the long-lasting benefit of Comfort Blue in the fabric conditioner market. 3, Promotion The main promotion strategy system of Comfort is â€Å"Above the Line†. Above-the-Line is the promotion activities for product on TV, magazines†¦ to announce, persuade and remind customers about their products, especially at the beginning of each or new product launched .Some promotion programs are made most often on TV to make customers to be aware of the product like Comfort wedding, Comfort big day, Comfortâ€Å" spring breeze†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Since March 2005, a unique and creative idea for advertising and activation has been introduced: fragrance angel. With the fragrance angel, the fragrance is symbolized by an imaginary character which visualizes very well how the fragrance of Comfort works on fabric. The image varies according to its purpose to illustrate the function and component of Comfort: Angel with tea leaf shield, Angel that hugs the fabric, Angel with schoolb ag, Angel with the fan, Angel with sunglasses.The fragrance angel is the unique property of the Comfort brand in Vietnam. It has been loved and adored by many people, especially children. In November 2005 promotion, thousands of fragrance angel dolls have been given as unique and lovable souvenirs to consumers of Comfort. In additions, Unilever also held many programs at markets and supermarkets like â€Å"Kham pha 14 ngay thom lau† Campaign on 15/03/2006 â€Å"Thu thach 1 lan xa cua Comfort† on 14/04/2008 with the aspire of positioning the brand name as well as the product quality.Unilever Vietnam is also well recognized for its active contributions to social and community programs across Vietnam, which has helped to improve life for millions of people in Vietnam. In April 2005, Unilever Vietnam was honored by the President of the State the Second Rank Labor Medal for its excellent business performance and contribution to the socio-economic development of Vietnam, bei ng one of the first multinational companies awarded with such honor by the State and Government of Vietnam.Due to these direct, on time and appropriate promotion campaigns, the brand nameComfort has been widely recognized in Vietnamese market, not only bringing benefits for Unilever Vietnam but creating a good brand image fro Comfort on consumers as well. 4, Price Recognizing that 80% of Vietnamese consumers live in the countryside with low income, Unilever Viet Nam has been developing the price strategy, reducing the producing costs, charging appropriate price on consumers. The company has based on the small rural enterprises to find the local materials instead of importing. This helps the company reduce the producing costs and pay fewer tariffs.Furthermore, the company also distributes the producing places at three main factories, in the north, the middle and the south of Viet Nam to trim down transportation expenses and land cost. Unilever also follows the finance support policy, helping rural enterprises advance their equipments, transfer technology, hold the training programs, etc. With all actions the company has been doing, Unilever Viet Nam has demonstrated its talent of management in satisfying the needs and wants of customers and raising the market share of Comfort in a competitive environment like Vietnamese market in current years.COMPETITOR ANALYSIS Competition is inevitable for every business in every market. It’s apparent that the company must cope with numerous powerful and relentless competitors such as Bestfoods; Coca-Cola; Colgate-Palmolive; Kraft Foods, Inc. ; L’Oreal; PepsiCo. ; Nestle S. A. ; Procter ; Gamble and the list continues to go on. Unilever has managed to become a leading company in almost every sub-sector it has entered despite harsh competition in Vietnam, a thriving market that not only raising domestic rivalries but also big and wellknown foreign ones.Though it has dominated with lots of products in different k inds, this analysis would take a case of Comfort in particular. In detergents industry, Comfort has become the pride of Unilever, maintaining its 1st position in Vietnam with more than 55% of market share since 1999. However, as soon as Comfort made its appearance known in the market, it has also begun its struggle against other competitors. The strongest one of all is Downy, the product of Proctor ; Gamble group. Downy was launched right after Comfort was introduced to the market.It can be said that the number of campaigns and commercials ads poured into the two products from two sides have been equally effective and attracted attention. That might partly explain the market share between of the two has been in a tight match. Firstly, the two products are produced by two both well-known companies, which can somewhat assure their look in customers’ view. Then, the quality could also buy consumers with their position as worldwide brands plus the diversification of the product l ines gives customers numerous choices to choose.Also, advertisements of Downy and Comfort have been skillfully customized to attract attention and create certain values to consumers. From the introduction stage up to now, customers have been exposed to a handful of advertisements of both companies. When Comfort launches Comfort with lastingfragrance, Downy immediately offers this kind as well. Comfort creates a beautiful image of a little angel protecting the fragrance of clothes to illustrate its Comfort FragranceAngel. Downy competes with Downy Incense Flowers, creating a demonstration through a flower field always presented in clothes.Comfort introduces Comfort 1-time; Downy also has Downy 1-time; Comfort comes up with Comfort anti-mosquitoes, Downy provides Downy anti-bacteria. Both of them make campaigns to market for their product. About the price, Downy’s price is higher than Comfort’s one in general. In pack-shape, price for a pack of Downy is 2000VND, whilst a pack of Comfort costs 1500VND. In recent months, the battle has become fierce when Unilever has launched a promotion using two eye-catching characters Andy and Lili and seem to gain attraction from consumers. From this commercial, Unilever gain the higher revenue.While Unilever invest so much on this commercial, P;G is still quite silent. Whether P;G is planning a state-of-the-art Downy ever with outstanding functions and best-ever components; or nurturing a win-away strategy? Time will give the answer and the rivalry between the two promises to be a prolonging harsh and unforgiving one. However, at this point, it appears that Comfort is gaining the upper hand over Downy. The positioning of Comfort in Vietnam and its biggest competitor, Downy, can be illustrated through the following map: Quality ilever Project plan INTRODUCTION: There are many kinds of business everywhere; where there are many issues related to the growth of the company and Different strategies will enable differe nt companies to reach those goals. Unilever is a company started in 1930 formed of Dutch Margarine Company and British based lever brothers. Unilever holds a wide range of products which include food, personal care, beverages, canned foods, ice creams and many more which are worlds best consumer brands.The case study describes a lot of information regarding Unilever's business strategies, key elements of Unilever's path to growth, how they rejuvenated and restructured the companies' slow moving performance to wide range of brands across the world. BRIEF CASE STUDY: Unilever was created in 1930 as an outcome of merger with dual chairpersons and headquarters one in Netherlands and other in Unites Kingdom. This is of one the giant and best competitor's in the industry which holds wide range of products. The two chairpersons have launched a strategy in early 2000 to recover the company's performance which was said to be lackluster.With the new strategies the company showed a significant progress and has gone through many dealings over the next years, this made the company to open 20 new acquisitions worldwide and increased the sales of the company. Thus the company's business was restructured, renovated and improved through its acquisitions. Then their came companies likes nestle which effecting the growth of Unilever. Unilever then started efforts to attract and motivate young, talented and innovative managers from outside its company. TASK 1: SWOT :A planning technique which is used for summarizing the key issues and evaluates the Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) in any business is called an SWOT analysis. Analysis is the brief study of any case how they are going to be obtained, who are responsible for causing it and solving it by planning which involves internal and external factors of a business or an organization; internal factors are classified as strengths(S) or weaknesses (W) and external factors are classified as Opportuni ties (O) or Threats (T).Strengths are those characteristics of a person or a company that are useful to achieve the goals. Weaknesses are the characteristics of a person or a company that is destructive to achieve the objective. Opportunities and threats are the external factors that are helpful in achieving and damaging the business performance respectively. ? Figure1: Illustrative diagram of SWOT Analysis http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SWOT_analysis The figure1 show the illustrative diagram of SWOT analysis.The internal factors include personal, finance, manufacturing capabilities, etc and the external factors may include technological changes which may cause changes in products and processes that is inventing a new product or making the product better which include quality of the product and the consumer desire, market influences due to unemployment rates effect the company and price factors is one of the important thing to keep in mind , market place is one more thing which is v ery important that is the company or a business should be located in a convenient environment to the consumers to attract and the product should be user friendly.Another important factor is that its external appearance the packing and the name of the products should be eye catchy. At last he customer relations should be friendly and consumer satisfaction is very necessary. Other than these there are some more factors which may be changing due to economic and social factors and competitive positions which may create new opportunities or threats. SWOT analysis is useful in decision making when most wanted these include nonprofit organizations, individuals. It is the only method for classification and has its own weaknesses.A SWOT which produces no strategies is of no use whereas which generates important strategies is useful. Unilever had a very tough competition during that time when it was bringing about the changes it was probably at this stage that these companies had moved forwar d with there various strategies. Skills, assets, finance, facilities are the resources which are used in any business to compete in the industry. In the same way Unilever used their own resources to grow as giant company. They have implemented SWOT analysis and implemented new business strategies and rejuvenated their company from lack lust to significant progress in sales.It has concentrated on marketing and advertising its business and gained increased pricing with supermarket vendors. Unilever was lagging in sales when compared with nestle, Procter ; Gamble, Kellogg's etc its path of growth strategy which met considerable uncertainty which made Unilever to undertake a series of actions by cutting the companies profile to reach corporate goals and introduced 20 new acquisitions worldwide and restructured the company into two divisions one includes all food products and other household and personal care.Then started other two new businesses across the world. The external market fac tors such as technological changes, social factors, and other companies' growth made a very big impact on the consumer preferences and Unilever had to cut its revenue growth. Later it continued to obtain more products across the world and these products gave managers to make their own decision making to set priorities by introducing new initiatives. Unilever has even motivated and attracted young talented managers from outside the company to join their company.According to Unilever's SWOT analysis the strengths of the company are recognized as it is a global company with strong brand profile with worlds best brands and maintains strong relation with its retailers. But coming to its weaknesses it has insufficient management of brands and doesn't not connect with customers. And inability to maximize acquisitions has reduced spending for R; D. Thought it has got many opportunities by introducing many products by changing customer preferences and increase in production of quality goods. There are threats equally which cause decrease in revenues with high market competition, increasing the number brands and exchange rates. There are many growth expectations, risks, profit margins in food and house hold industry which is composed of many sectors and sub sectors by challenging the change of customer's preferences with challenging rival firms to gain market shares. Then with competitive achievement by creating attractive products through acquisitions and with capability of growing sales of the brands which existed and improve margins.For all this the many key to success was advertising the products. By improving the profits of the company not only included shifting sales of the products but also boosting efficiency and unit costs. There were three factors which worried in 2000, the consolidation pressures in food industry which bothered were slower growth rates in food industries, rapid consolidation among grocery markets that is between branded manufactures and privat e manufactures for good self space in the grocery stores.In the United States for several years the food industry was miserable and was expected to continue for few more years due to more women working and decreasing house hold sizes, single parents and singles. But the food industry in Europe, Asia, Africa and other less developed countries were attractive. Thought the competition between branded and private manufactures was a never ending issue, private manufactures improved their quality of products by growing market shares.Then there came many giant super markets and gave an opportunity for private brands with attractive prices below branded products and even provided checkout scanners to help the customers know price difference which tempt them to BRIEF SWOT ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER'S CASE STUDY STRENGHTS WEAKNESSESS Global company. Reduced spending for R ; D. Best Brands. Inability to maximize acquisitions. Strong relation with retailers. Insufficient management of brands. Dual Le adership. OPPURTUNITIES THREATS Increasing in need of quality products. Decrease in revenues. Changing customer preferences.Strong competition. Increase in brands. shift to the private brands. Due to the heavy competition among them manufactures had to cut down the costs of the products, number of versions of the products and weed out weak brands and concentrate on those brands which were popular among the customers and those could develop into global brands. Introducing dual headquarters by dividing the food industry which consisted of 6 categories and household industry which consisted of 8 categories there were many benefits such as improving food and household industry by focusing more on them regionally and globally.Accelerating decision making and successful integration of R ; D though there were some critics that Unilever has been paying more for some of its acquisitions such as acquire Amora Maille. Unilever as of then in 2003 had been seen as a growing organization which pr obably had all the necessary requirements to make it a force to recon with, during the Path to Growth strategy many aspects of the company had come out some of them included the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Strengths, probably the biggest strength that the company had at that time was the correct selection of the brands and the products it had in store unilever had done many researches and had to make many decisions to get the right combinations products that where to be sold it also had the right ideas to increase the sales and all the leading brands to help its cause.Unilever was very good at that time even if the financial aspect was taken into consideration it could experiment with various aspects of its store cause had the financial backup which was required at that time to help it implement various ideas and deal with the market pressures, for any company to improve its sales marketing always plays a very important role this was probably there biggest stren gth as the marketing strategy applied by them managed to grab peoples attention as they easy to be connected to and much more simplistic and realistic.Unilever did manage all its clients very well considering that during a phase when they where cutting on the brands it would have been a risk to out anything at that time but it was very well managed by the company. Mainly the fact that unilever was now looking to make the higher range or the brands which where more famous as there core brands which made it much easier for them to advertise considering that it is much easier to promote a very well known and a trusted brand rather than a normal or new brand to increase the sales.Weaknesses, though unilever had a very good policy and all the right objectives to make a difference in the industry it couldn't happen basically due to the lack of proper organization, it was actually much like a bureaucratic organization where things where divided between too many people and it had become dif ficult to get the ideas moving due to the lack of proper organization, it probably all started with the fact that the company had to deal with too many brands in the first place it would obviously have the impact when the Path to Growth strategy came up cause of the then 1600 brands only 400 brands where retained and rest all where either removed or replaced, that shows that due the lack of proper organization and too many brands being part of it didn't help it in making the changes it wanted to in a better and quickest way.The organization was probably one field in which the company was lacking because it was felt that at the top of the company as there were too many people making decisions and these decisions had to be put forward and this delayed the process of improvement for the company. Opportunities, during this phase of development and renewing it content and upgrading of the stock it turned out to be very fruitful as it provided many working opportunities for people it was at that time that many people where starting to get full time work, during this phase a lot of acquisition also took place with the major brands which resulted in some alterations in plans to that which were planned. SlimFast which is a private company is another acquisition of Unilever after implementing path to growth strategy in 2000 the company bargained an agreement to purchase slimfast diet foods.It had strong sales and network and has a special space in every super market and drugstores these products were made from natural ingredients and added vitamins and minerals to provide good nutritional profile. It also maintained a very good relationship with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies. Unilever has concentrated more on this Slimfast since the company was growing fast and attracted the customers to buy more of it for healthier and long living life . Management of Unilever utilized the opportunity to globalize the product in other countries like Europe, Aust ralia due to increase in the percent of obese. According to the world health organization percent of the obese was increasing gradually. UNILEVERS TOP COMPETITORS ? Figure: Competitors Performance Comparison http://finance. aol. om/company/unilever-plc-amer/ul/nys/top-competitors Ben ; Jerry's acquisitions which produces one of the finest ice creams anywhere in pint cartons and wholesale at groceries. Their sales slogan was Vermont finest All Natural Ice cream. They never use any artificial flavors thought the cost is little more it is worth the price. According to the time magazine Vermont makes the best ice cream in the world with 29 flavors in pint cartons and 45 flavors in bulk cartons. There products were distributed throughout the world. On demand Ben & jerry operated three manufacturing plants where Vermont plant produces super premier ice cream and frozen yogurts where as spring field produces ice cream, lot fat ice creams in bulk, pint cartons and half gallons.Dreyer's and Haagen-Dazs were the two major competitors of Ben ; jerry and other competitors were Colombo frozen yogurts, Kemps ice cream and star bucks. Ben ; Jerry produces a wide range of ice creams products like sticks, bars, frozen yogurt pops etc. Though Haagen- Dazs was the global market leader followed by Ben ; jerry it had an insignificant market share in United States where as Haagen- Dazs was more significantly sold in foreign markets. Both Ben ; jerry and Haagen-Dazs produced ice creams with cookies and candies in it. Bestfoods was a global company across the world almost in 60 countries which was busy in manufacturing and marketing the food products. Bestfoods profits are almost from outside of the United States that is almost 60 percent of its profits.It is one of the best managed food companies among United States who has much number of employees working with in their company in which half of them were at non US locations. The company increased payments for 14 successive years has its revenues grow by7. 8 percent annual rate and suddenly slow downed during the period of 1997 and 1999. Then the company introduced a strategy with four core elements. Globalization of the company's core consumers: Products which are new in the market are needed to be globalized that is the products which are less popular among the consumers, are needed to be advertised and market those products to increase its sales and profits of those products. Few such products are knorr product line, salad dressing and food service operations.The advertising of such kind of products was done very well in order to get those products globally recognized and be accepted among many big brands and soon they became household names. Improvement in cost effectiveness: With changing customer preference the quality of the products must be improved and therefore there should also be improvement in cost effectiveness as the quality improves cost increases. Cost effectiveness is nothing but it is a way b y which you show to a customer that a certain is product is worth using or is better than other product or the money u spend on it is worth it. Cost effectiveness in simple would be defined as showing the worth of the product. Looking for new market opportunities:Extending the product sales all over the world via new product introductions and extending sales of the products which are existed in the market. It is very important for any company to be always alert and look for opportunities to extend the business to a large scale and see it in a bigger picture based on the opportunities it gets. Using free cash to make new acquisition: With expanding the products and brands company has created 60 acquisitions in the global market. After struggling a lot in June 2000 best foods agreed to be acquired by Unilever. Best foods were the largest acquisition undertaken by Unilever by as far as concerned and which makes a largest combination of food companies in 12 years.Management of Unilever believed that combining and assimilating bestfoods would result in pre tax cost saving, better efficiencies in business process, synergy in distribution marketing, reformation of general and administrative functions and improved economies of scale. By creating robust business in United States market, increasing strengths of Unilever and best foods in Europe, building of best foods in Latin America to speed up the growth of Unilever brands, by distributing strengths in Asia- pacific to grow and sped up Bestfoods brands and increasing the sales of Unilever products by food service channel of Bestfoods. The work culture was so casual to make the atmosphere fun and lively with communication between the management and employees.The company respected the employees suggestions and respected them even paid the employees a reasonable salary Finally Unilever has announced sale of Bestfoods Backing Company to Canadian food and super market group known as George Weston for $ 1. 76billion though Unilever declared to divest Bestfoods Baking Company and Unilever other products and bakery products does not exit any more at Unilever. Bestfoods has 19plans across the United States with a strong management team and was entirely US based. It was one of the best distributing for delivering the baked products which are really baked fresh and sent directly to the retail stores. With its dedication and hard work Bestfoods sales has increased its profit margins by 8 percent. Later again Unilever announced to sell 19 Bestfood brands across North America to ACH food companies which is a supplementary of Associated British Food.By successfully combining the operations of bestfoods with Unilever by the year end of 2003 the two companies had been merged in 63countries across the world TASK 2: Path to Growth: Path to growth strategy was initiated in 2000 and was restructured for several years for better and significant results. The key elements of this Unilever's path to growth strategy wer e cutting down its brands from 1600 brands to 400core brands to achieve top line sales and increase profits by advertising the brands which are more popular and leading brands across the world and concentrating on R ; D. Another important key element was divesting underperforming brands and theirs companies and introducing more innovated things to enhance the internal development of the organization and making new acquisitions.Unilever's years of slow performance and its lack of corporate strategy in the competition industry with low number of brands and ordinary performance in growing markets with a little global presence made to create a path to growth strategy which was a 5 year growth plan which made them to concentrate on more brands and product innovations for internal and external growth of the company. And made the company to grow with acquisitions. According to FitzGerald and Bergman's path to growth strategy they predicted to manufacture double digit wages per share growth and superior positions. Focusing on the key brands by advertising and marketing made business grow higher and build brand value and increased brands prices.The case study shows Unilever as a global company according to SOWT analysis after introducing the path to growth strategy the company had really increased its sales and with introducing more number of acquisitions and cutting down the cost of revenues. As the acquisitions like Slimfast, Ben ; jerry and best foods were rapidly growing their market across the world building a very strong profile and providing customers attractive products and offers. Slim fast has 20%anual growth rate with strong sales and distribution all over the world and also maintained good customer relation. Where Ben ; jerry was worlds giant ice cream products and yogurt maker with strong brand equity. Bestfoods was US's 10 largest food products company with a strong global position.The two key elements of the Unilever's new business strategy was to cut do wn on the number of brands that were being sold or being marketed by the company, at that time Unilever was operating with as many as 1600 brands and much more products due to this the cut down on the number of products and brands was considered, the 1600 brands that where part of the company were cut down to as many as 400 core brands, the core brands mostly included all the famous and popular brands which are generally very popular among people, this idea came up as to make sure that the products where sold and by doing this it would not be much of a problem for the marketi8ng of these products as most of these brands where already day to day and very famous brands which people would generally prefer buying, which would mean that it would take much less an effort to connect to the people and more over the marketing was also done in such a way that people where able to connect to it very easily, the other key element of the unilevers strategy was to remove all the underperforming c ompanies or brands and introduce some other new brands or companies in order to enhance the internal development of the organization and make new acquisitions which would enhance the sales of the company and make it more likable for the people this strategy was designed to increase the sales of the company and get rid of the companies which where not much in demand . Weaknesses according to SWOT analysis showed the company has dual leadership, insufficient management of brands and reduced R ; D after all this slow performance and small global presence the management has introduced path to growth strategy, which increased the company sales with cutting down it costs and introducing more acquisitions resulted in globalizing the company. As a result there were few expectations to achieve a double digit growth and securing a better position in global market for food and household products by increasing the quality of the product to gain pricing power and attract more customers.But accor ding to the strategy plan the targets which were set was really high that is top line sales growth of 5-6 percent annually, increasing profits, and plan to complete by the end of 2004. If we look and analyze the path to growth strategy we can tell whether the strategy is working or not, we can say that it is working by its success rates and increase in profits and increase in brands and acquisitions that is the consumer preferences have changed due to which the products quality has changed and prices have changed the leading brands sales have increased from 75 percent to 93 percent. Food and personal care industry have increased its profits consistently.Operating assets have also improved by 9 percent. Acquisitions like slim fast, Ben ; jerry and best foods have gradually improved its growth and established its acquisitions all over the world. But the other side it is completely not yes, Unilever was gaining profits significantly after introducing new strategies but it was losing to o yes it reported a net loss of $318M as the competitions was increasing and new brands were coming in to the market and rivals were introducing new strategies to compete Unilever. In the year 2004 sales grew only by . 4 percent leading brands by . 9 percent so this proves that Unilever was lagging behind competitors in terms of innovation and advertising.Unilever's lack of advertising and marketing failed to improve sales. The company was small and not globalized. In this case Unilever attracted the new young talented manages to join their company with innovated ideas to increase its company profits by new methods of advertising and marketing. To justify Unilever strategies it maintained dual headquarters and dual chairpersons which reduced effective thinking and slow downed the decision making. Unilever is divided into Unilever Plc and Unilever NV. This made Unilever to focus on the needs of the customers and increase its sales profits in various industries like food, personal cas e, and household industries all over the world.As customers demand the products which are of the best quality and branded but at the same time convenient, cheap and attractive. The market for household products have been decreased its profits as the numbers of single parents have been increased and the rate of females working out have been increased and the demand for the healthy and high quality food has been increased. The consumer's preference of the products such as its look, quality of the product and nutritional values has been increased by providing a strong competition against its giant competitors and private manufactures. This allows Unilever to focus on the need of its customers by increasing its sales.In 2003 Unilever executing its path to growth strategy by increasing its operating margins to over 15percent, but the sales of the leading brands growth as slowdown and raised questions among the investors and retailers that whether company brands could deliver some 5-6 per cent of growth in revenues in the next coming years. TASK 3: Unilever's current business Strategies: Ever since the ‘Path to Growth' strategy ended in 2005 there has been a 15% increase in the sales and development in the overall progress of Unilever. After the ‘Path to Growth' came to an end a new process was developed by Unilever called as the Brand Imprint which helped the marketing teams in understanding how the business could face risks as well as opportunities from the social, economic and environmental issues.In this process each brand was scrutinized by a team looking into various aspects of it such as the direct as well the indirect impacts of the product, it also checked how the brand would go ahead in the future looking at the products possibilities of growth both from a customer and a stakeholders point of view. The outcome of the Brand Imprint is that the process has helped in making important decisions for the company keeping the future in perspective it al so developed in addressing social missions, social and environmental issues. The Brand Imprint provided a perfect experience to find some systematic and measurable ways to explore different brands and improve the brands by addressing social issues, helping people the product well and reducing the environmental issues. When the S. W. O. T analysis was done on the ‘Path toGrowth' strategy many different aspects of the strategy where scrutinized using the SWOT analysis in which it dealt with many aspects such as the strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats that are being faced. After the analysis it came out that it had been very useful to determine the various aspects attached to it. Unilever for years had been a slow developing company, though the company had the right infrastructure and the capital but it couldn't utilize it properly that was basically the reason why the path to growth and various other strategies where starting to come up to help the company to incre ase the sales of the products and improve the business. Path to growth played a major part in the development of the company.The Path to Growth strategy did prove to be quite a useful thing considering the fact that during this period almost all of the unsuccessful brands where removed or replaced and the brands which where trusted and kept managed to increase the sales by 75% to 93%. Unilever's growth was considerably slow during this phase because the company was at that stage making very drastic changes and for these changes to come up and make a difference was something unexpected but the company's growth was obvious in certain fields thanks to the new strategies that had come in to improve the sales of the company so as to improve the business of the company. It was due to the fact that the company probably took way too much time u started and implement its plans that it caused the success to be not as higher as expected.Many business analysts and commentators felt that most of the strategies of the path to growth where working fine but there was always a speculation that what ever progress was talking place was happening too slow considering the competition the market was in with at that time, it was also felt that as the basic functionality of the business was spread among way too many people made the management way to complex and it would have been better off if it was simpler. It did work out fine when it came to the advertising of the product and getting it known to the people as it was more public oriented and it used the sources to the full extent to connect to the people.It did experience a drastic growth during that period as the analysis had proved that the company had the highest growth percentage as compared to any other company during that period it did bring in high profits to the company but looking at the whole picture it did prove to be a huge loss for the company considering the fact that they faced a countable loss in the revenue margin and that proved to be the difference, though it did have the right amount of sales and customers due to the slowness of there analysis to sort out and remove or replace the stuff did make a difference to analysis in the larger picture. But the company did grow during that time which might as well have effected the revenue cause many new store where started and large number of employees where starting to be employed on a full time basis. It did do quite well on the international market as well.By looking at the way the company had grown during this stage is quite remarkable many business analysts and commentators had felt that they probably had the right scheme of action because during that time they where handling 1600 brands and which was way too much and among those were quit few brands which hardly made any diff to the company so then the whole idea of brands cut based on the market outlook and sales reports was looked into to classify as to which of the products or brands where fast selling and which had the scope to sell more. It was that idea to cut down on the number of brands and start promoting only few brands which where much easier to be marketed and which where more likable by the people by which it would increase the sales and also make the marketing of these products easier cause when you are promoting bigger brands which are often very well known to public would mean that u don have to spend much on the marketing. Did the company experience growth during this period?Yes, would be the right thing to say voiding the minor things which might effect the outcome but it did see the light of success though slowly and there process and ideas where starting to get implemented in a better way and in a more successful way to deal with the growth of the company, the process of cutting down on the under selling companies was probably the decision that started to turn the tide for the company as it was when the losses where starting to be covered and it was more like a store where the fast selling stuff was found. Unilever's Path to Growth had probably the right ideas to take the company to the highest position with its aims and objectives on the right part but probably it was at the implementation of the whole strategy that could have probably caused the difference in this strategy from just a successful strategy to a very successful state The strategy had the right plans to study the whole products and the brands which where being sold and come up with whole list of brands that where actually more likely to be sold uickly and frequently and those which where not that much preferred, it does take in a lot of effort to recognize what is selling and what people like the most as you have to be cautious that u don get any of the products that is more frequently sold off the shelf. By early 2005 there was a need for a new business strategy and a new strategy which was more active and a top down approach to managing a company's brand profil e was introduced for Unilever to support this growth strategy. But the growth to strategy at the starting point was precise, tough compared to the company's profile. On the whole Unilever did manage to grow very well in the market during this period and it was for its strategies and policies and the work put into it that the whole thing was done successfully. TASK 4:Academic theories: The word diversification means a strategy for a company for its market growth. To look forward to increase its profits by increasing the sales of the products. There are four main strategic alternatives emphasizing how each strategy might change companies' competitive capabilities they are Market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. ? http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Diversification_(marketing_strategy) Basically the four main strategic alternatives deal with the markets and the products which are based on the present position of demand and supply of the market and th e position of the products.Market penetration, it is nothing but the way by which a products sales can be determined, consider there is a particular product which is generally used by everyone and is almost the same for everyone then in that case the penetration of that particular product will be deeper as its demand is much higher than other products, it can simply be told that the deeper the penetration the greater the product sales, by using the market penetration technique we can determine as to which product is currently more sort after and which one has the highest demand by doing this it will effect the business cause the demand for that product will be much higher. By using the market penetration we can come up with new marketing techniques as to increase sales of a product which is not much in demand or gain more profit on products which are in higher demand, for example lets consider a product which has not been off the shelf due to competition from other products in this case if we do the market penetration we would know the reasons as to why the product has not been sold. Based on this if the reason for that is if the product is expensive then we can look into the market penetration and decide to cut down the price so as to match that of its competitors.There are many growth expectations, risks, profit margins in food and house hold industry which is composed of many sectors and sub sectors by challenging the change of customer's preferences with challenging rival firms to gain market shares. Then with competitive achievement by creating attractive products through acquisitions and with capability of growing sales of the brands which existed and improve margins. For all this the many key to success was advertising the products. By improving the profits of the company not only included shifting sales of the products but also boosting efficiency and unit costs. Market position can also help you determine as to which products need to be stocked up the most and how these are to be managed and depending on the demand we can decide as to what can be done to increase the publicity or marketing of that particular product.Product development, it is nothing but the way at which any particular product has improved its sales or how a product has worked out is called as the product development, the product development is generally used to determine as to which product id leading at the moment so as to utilize more of it to increase the sales , in the product development if any particular product is higher in demand due to its development it can be helpful in increasing the sales of that product but where as simultaneously if there is any product which is least popular we can make efforts using this to know as to what would be the reason behind the product not being to the sales expectations. Market development, the market development strategy is nothing but a way by which we can develop our business and increase the sale of the products, it is the process of getting new customers, new products and new business to the company by making new promotions so as to increase the sales of the products and to increase new customers, market development in simple terms can be called as the process by which we wish to develop the business by getting in new customers and getting some new products to our already existing customers is the market development.The market development strategy generally deals with the non-customers who don't often come in to shop, with this market development we manage to attract the people to now come into the store and improve our business. Diversification, it is nothing but the spreading of the investments among the company in order to increase the business, diversification is a means of way by which the market penetration can be improved, in the diversification looking at the market conditions the company invests in various fields so as to make the product develop by which the product will get more penetration, if the product gets more penetration that means it will increase the business to the company.On the whole diversification is a corporate technology by using which they generally tend to woo the customers to make the decision and increase the market penetration. All the four strategies have there own importance in improving the business the market penetration is the basic thing which helps the company in building up a product which would become a money spinner for companies, the market penetration process helps in finding the right product that is in demand and the right ways by which a normal product can be increased is called market penetration. Similarly, product development is a way by which we can determine as to what is the actual position of a particular product in the market and so as to what needs to be done for the development of that product is called as the product development.Market development is similar to product development in which we check as to what n eeds to be done so as to improve the sales and customers in the company. While diversification is probably the main source that holds all of these together, by using the diversification a product can be made to increase its market penetration, diversification involves the spreading of investments among the various other aspects in business so as to improve and let other products grow so as to improve the market penetration. Diversification is something which holds all the four alternative strategies together and diversification is more like an influencing factor on these for the products to be judged in the market and vice versa.Unilever in order to improve the sales has few strategies which are influenced by the strategic alternatives, in the unilever's method to increase the growth the number of brands that where being promoted or sold had to be cut down from 1600 to just 400 core brands which could be done with the help of the market penetration, by using the market penetration a nd looking at the market penetration of the various brands in the company it would help out in which brands had the highest penetration in the market and which had the least penetration in the market, so that the brands with the least penetration where removed from the company. Market penetration makes the whole task of choosing the brands which had to stay and the brands which where to be removed by having a look at the brands penetration.Similarly in the aspect of divesting the underperforming companies the strategic alternative comes into play where the product development is taken into consideration, in this a if a particular product or brand is not having a high market penetration then it is said that it is looked after to see the product development of the product so as to check if the product would help in the internal development of the company. The overall picture was of business strengths and weaknesses too much wastage of money and many better opportunities to align resou rces behind building the brand profile for the future. However the food products were also globalized with slower growing market. Unilevers expectations were to achieve double digit growth and secure a better position in the global market by building a brand value with increase in sales by diversifying that is creating more number of acquisitions across the world and making the products which are local in a market globally according to the change of customer preference.And making the company with dual chairperson and dual headquarters this made Unilever a more successful in the competitive industry while it is easy to manage the company and make decisions very quickly and effectively. Changing customer preferences that is according to the four business strategies product development need to be modified or a new product need to invented it is better to change and improve the quality of a product which is already existing rather than inventing a new product. As the number of women wor king out has increased gradually and single parents have increased and heir became a decrease in household products and rapid consolidation among retailers has made food industry miserable.Whether the theory is supported by practice: Yes the theory of these strategic alternatives is very much accepted and supported by practice, all the four strategic alternatives that ate used for the company's capabilities are generally accepted and supported by practice, it is very well known that the four strategic alternatives are market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. These are the four strategic alternatives which are generally supported by practice because when implementing the actual strategies of unilever these alternative strategies do come into being used and help in the successful implementation of those ideas.The, market penetration, product development, market development and diversification are the generally used ways of judging a product and its current performance and in requirements in the market, these help in judging and making various promotions to these products. Probably among all the four strategic alternatives the market penetration is the one which is more frequently come across as it basically deals with finding the products which currently have the highest sales and vice versa it is very well known that for any product deeper the penetration higher the demand for the product so this strategy is almost applied regularly. References http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Unilever http://www. planware. org/strategicplan. htm http://finance. aol. com/company/unilever-plc-amer/ul/nys/top-competitors   http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SWOT_analysis http://extension. psu. edu/NWRegion/comm/marketfactors. htm Crafting and Executing Strategy   By Jr. Thompson, Arthur A, A. J. Strickland, III, A. J. Strickland III, John E Gamble http://books. google. com/books? id=D35W13gPIpAC&pg=PP1&dq=Crafting+and+Executing+Strategy&ei=odd sSpuSK5iwMteE-IAC&client=firefox-a Read more:  http://www. ukdissertations. com/dissertations/business/unilever-project-plan. php#ixzz2D1oixmZC Comfort Downy Price A positioning mapSWOT ANALYSIS In recent years, the competition among consumption markets between Vietnam and foreign countries became so fierce, especially products originating from multi-national companies which are currently present and dominant Vietnam market. Unilever Vietnam is one of the giants on the market of products and services, it has provided a large number of essential goods for daily consumption of Vietnam such as toothpaste, P / S, shampoo Sunsilk, Omo washing powder, etc. †¦ every year. This is not only a threat to domestic producers but also an example for them to learn about business marketing experience of a large multinational company with world-class like it. It can be said that Unilever has a thoughtful and creative marketing strategy which makes it well-known to attract the most customers f or the company's products.The company takes the advantage of their inherent strengths as well as promoting the opportunities from the market to bring huge revenue every year for the company. SWOT analysis below will show all about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats Unilever gets. 1. Strengths †¢ Unilever Vietnam has the support from global Unilever; hence it has strong financial background. The visit of Mr. Paul Polman, CEO of Global Unilever, on 10th April 2009, again confirmed the potential of the Vietnamese market which is growing very fast, as well as the important role of Vietnam in the group of new markets and developing countries of the Unilever Group. An effective policy of attracting potentials: The strategy of the company is that â€Å"Development through people†. Through their career days for students who are about to graduate of the prestigious universities, then the company will train them to become Administrators who set the light f or the company's human resources. In addition, the company also sets up salary, benefits, and courses in Vietnam and abroad for staff to enhance their qualification. †¢ The situation of research and technological development of Unilever Vietnam has always been focused and invested adequately. In particular, R & D works very effectively in the exploitation of traditional products such as shampoo Gleditsia, salt toothpaste.Besides, R&D shows its effectiveness in the modern products such as Comfort or Omo†¦ Modern technology inherited from the global Unilever is applied quickly and is remarkably effective. Unilever makes customers surprised many times with much new technology. Recently, we see new Comfort, with a slogan â€Å"just move to be pure fragrant† with Andy and Lili. And how about Omo? The whirlwind-power Omo is the newest kind. †¢ The price is relatively acceptable, while the quality is as high as imported goods. The target customers of Unilever are rang ed from children to adults, from low class to high class. Hence, the price is quite suitable for everyone. The staff with high level and knowledge focus only on the mission of the company, especially the company pays much attention to the relationship with the public. Unilever sets up itself a criterion which is all the employees are the best. Therefore, the staff has high ability to adapt with quick changes in the production line. 2. Weaknesses The key positions in the company are held by foreigners. The CEO of Unilever Vietnam is Ralph Kugler. This may lead to the differences in the perception between CEO and Vietnamese employees; which is the causes of conflicts. †¢ There are some applications not being operated in Vietnam due to high cost, such as the input for perfumes.Moreover, the company does not fully take advantage of abundant labor resources and capacity in Vietnam. †¢ As a company that originated in Europe, strategies to promote Unilever products are not really suitable with Asian culture. 3. Opportunities †¢ The policy of Vietnam is also to build Vietnam's economy as oriented industrialization, modernization, giving priority to attracting foreign investment, especially from transnational and multinational companies such as Unilever to increase the budget. †¢ Domestic market (wholesale, retail, goods circulation †¦ ) have evolved much. Also infrastructure in major cities, especially Ho Chi Minh City has been appropriate invested equally with other countries in the region. Vietnam is a country which is freely religious, so the distribution and advertising of products is not limited. In addition, Vietnam has a young population structure and extended family models (including grandpare

Lab Report Essay

Lab Report: Exercise 2: Blood Purpose: Explain why you did this lab and what if any safety precautions needed to be followed. This lab was done to learn about blood on a micro and macroscopic level. There are safety concerns when using bodily fluids. Gloves were needed and caution with the use of the lancet was important, which included keeping it sterile. Activity 1: Observing Your Own Blood Observations: Sketch and describe what you saw on the prepared slide of human blood: White blood cells are a light pinkish color and clearer in the center. The doghnut shape was not easy to see but can be made out. The centers are clearer because there is less mass there. The white blood cells were dark and looked very similar to me. Sketch and describe what you saw on the blood smear slide using your own blood: There were a lot less white blood cells on my slide of my own blood. The red blood cells also seems to be more grouped into certain sections. I’m curious if I cut my foot if that would increase the amount of white blood cells in circulatory rotation or would the increase in white blood cells only happen around the cut area of my foot. I think I may have to try this experiment next time a scrape something. Questions: A.What are the components of blood? The main components include three types of cells (leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets) and plasma. B.List the five types of leukocytes and describe the function of each. Neutrophils comprise 60-70% of white blood cells. They are the first to respond to infection and move into tissues and phagocytize bacteria and foreign matter. They also secrete enzymes called lysozumes that destroy certain bacteria. Eosinophils comprise 2-4% of white blood cells. They enter tissues undergoing an allergic response. They reduce the inflammatory response by producing enzymes that destroy inflammatory chemicals, such as histamine. They also release toxic chemicals that attack certain work parasites. Basophils comprise .5-1% of white blood cells. They increase in number during allergic and inflammatory reactions. They release histamine to increase inflammation and heparin to inhibit blood clotting. Lymphocytes comprise 20-25% of white blood cells. They play an important role in immunity and produce antibodies. Monocytes comprise 3-8% of white blood cells. They leave the circulation and become macrophages and phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris. C.What did you learn making a blood smear slide? I learned that milking the incision site is not a good idea because it forces tissue fluid out as well as blood. This was not something I considered before. I also learned that you have to wait a while for the Wright’s stain to take hold of the cells. Had I not read closely I may have rushed this step and not got cells that I could see easily. I also learned that in order to get a better look at the cells one needs to look at a thinner area because the thicker areas overlap cells which makes it difficult to observe them. Activity 2: Blood Typing Observations: What is your blood and Rh type? Type O+ Questions: A.Describe how the ABO blood typing system works. In the ABO blood type, there are two main anitgens or agglutinogens, A and B. A type has the A antigen, B type B antigen, O none, and AB both the A and B antigen. O is a universal donor due to its lack of antigens and AB is a univeral reciepient due to the fact that it has both antigens. If the A antibodies find A antigens on red blood cells we say the person’s blood is type A. B.Why is it important for everyone to know their own blood type? In an emergency situation a person may not have time to have their blood tested. There may not even be a way to test there blood when a situation that requires a blood tansfussion occurs. In this situation the person trying to administer the transfusion needs to know what type of blood the recipient has because transfusing the wrong type of blood is dangerous and will be rejected by receivers body. If I was ship wrecked I would want to know who had what type of blood so that in an emergency situation blood could be transfused. That is assuming that equipment for such a procedure was available. I have a catheter from my nursing classes bag in my car at all times. If natural disaster strikes, I’m slightly prepared. C.Describe what would happen if type A blood were transfused into a person with type B blood. A transfusion reaction will occur, meaning that a reaction occurs when the antigens on the red blood cells of the donor blood react with the antibodies in the recipient’s plasma. This causes the red blood cells to clump together and plug up blood vessels. Then the cells are destroyed by the body (hemolysis), releasing hemoglobin from the red blood cells into the blood. Hemoglobin is then broken down into bilirubin, which can cause jaundice. D.What happens in the blood of an Rh-negative individual who is exposed to Rh-positive blood? The Rh negative person develops antibodies that attack Rh positive blood. This can be a serious problem for a pregnant mother with a Rh positive child. The disorder is called HDN. Activity 3: Review of Blood 1.Log onto the Hands-On Labs Website and click on exercise 2. 2.Click on the link â€Å"Get Body Smart†. 3.Click on the â€Å"Circulatory System†. 4.Review each of the following modules: Introduction to the blood, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Coagulation. 5.Explain how the various elements found in blood work together to provide a unified function for the body. The main function of blood is to be a delivery system. It is like the highway of your body. Or actually more like the trucks of your body and the veins and arteries are the roads. The blood transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues. In order to do this many elements work together in the blood. The hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transportation. Iron acts as a binding agent. White blood cells are the police of the road. They protect the cargo and destinations it is shipped to. They also clean up any messes that are left around (busted red blood cells, foreign bodies, bacteria). The albumin in the plasma regulates osmotic pressure so that the traffic flows appropriately, The different white blood cells control other problems by increasing macrophages and inflammation or decreasing inflammation. The body is a mini city with eveything working toward homeostasis, and the blood is no exception. Conclusion: Describe how leukemia affects the functional capacity of the blood. Leukemia results in an increase of blood cells that can clog bone marrow and blood vessels. The thrombosis result in an inability of blood cells to pass and blood count decreases. This result in a decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

The Birth of Jesus

The painting depicts the prediction of the birth of Jesus and how it came to pass. This happened after the visitation of angel Gabriel to Mary, who was a simple and humble Jewish woman. The angel broke the news to Mary that she had found favor with God, and she will conceive and give birth to a son, Jesus (Chisholm, Hugh, ed, (1911). He further elaborated that Jesus would be the son of God, the most high. At this point, Mary was totally confused and worried about the abrupt news but she later consoled herself and said since she was God's servant, she will do as he says. Moreover, Mary was betrothed to a man called Joseph, who lived in Nazareth (Baynes, T.S., ed., 1978). During this time, a Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus had ordered a census and both Mary and Joseph had to travel to the town of Bethlehem (Orenstein, Nadine M., ed. 2001). The journey took them several days and by the time they arrived, the inn was already full and they were compelled to spend their night near the livestock's shed. Coincidentally, Mary gave birth to Jesus and laid him in a manger. In the same night, there were shepherds in the field near Bethlehem and were watching over their flocks. Suddenly, the angel appeared to them and broke the good news to them that savior, the Messiah had been born and is lying in a manger. (Freed, Edwin D 2004). They immediately hurried to the place and found Jesus as they were directed. They later went to spread the news. Later, wise men saw a star in the sky that signified the birth of a new king. They followed it to the place where Jesus was and knelt down to worship him. They brought him gifts of gold, myrrh, and frankincense. According to Mosaic laws, Jesus was taken to the temple where he was named, circumcised and purified. This was conducted by Simeon.In the first scene, angel Gabriel appears to Mary. The second scene shows the shepherds and wise men who came to visit Jesus and his parent Mary and Joseph. Finally, Jesus is taken to the temple by his parents and is received by Simeon. During the visitation of Jesus by wise men, the gifts were used as a symbol of honor to the born king. Joseph is the patron artist who was a simple village man (St. Joseph Biography). His original location was Nazareth. He was chosen by God to be the earthly father of Jesus. He was a carpenter and had gathered exceptional skills in craft work (Alin Suciu, 2009). He feared God and he would obey him in face of severe humiliation. He came from a humble background and this subjected him to engage in carpentry. Also, Joseph was a man of strong conviction and lived his beliefs in his actions (Bart D., 2011). He is celebrated for his obedience and patience even after Mary, his fiancà © gave birth to Jesus although she was a virgin. Jesus was regarded as an artist because he used to give verbal, visual and dramatic forms to the complicated situations (J. Dwight Pentecost, 1998). He taught the word of God by giving analogies, parables, and creative expressions (Andrew S., 25 September 2015). According to the gospels, his birth took place on November of 5 B.C at Bethlehem. After he completed his work on earth, he died on A.D 33 at a place called Golgotha (Pheme Perkins, 2007.). He was known for using parables in his teachings. (John P. Meler 1992). The original location of his artwork was first meant to be viewed in synagogues, where he presented various sermons. Moreover, this artwork was religious and was meant to make his followers think critically so as to understand the word of God fully. Also, they were used as a means of illustrating profound and divine truths. He claimed that such stories were easily remembered and indicated symbolism that was rich in meaning. â€Å"The entire artwork can be traced back to Gospel period where absolute chronology of Jesus is explained into details (Michael Grant, 1977)†. Further, this historical period is recorded in a number of historical and non-Christian documents like Jewish and Greco-Roman sources (Marcus Borg, 1999). Further information indicated that the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus marked prominent historical events. This period simply means the genesis of the good news and it cut across various groups of people. During this period, Jesus started his ministry, which was later considered as fulfillment of New Testament prophecies (W.D Davies, 1984). He walked down all cities along with his disciples preaching the gospel and urging the people to repent so as to see the kingdom of God. This took him the whole of his lifetime on earth. During this period, he faced mockery and humiliation from some groups although he had a good number of followers. â€Å"Artwork was made to make the Christians understand that those who humble themselves, God uplifts them (Ben Witherington III, 1998)†. This is portrayed when Virgin Mary, a simple village woman was visited by an angel and informed her of good news. Later, the birth of Jesus in the manger indicated the humble beginning of his life (Meier, John P, (1991). It also expressed that Jesus was the king since he was visited by various people who came to worship him. Also, Christians should understand the need of recognizing the church as the temple of God. Even the parent of Jesus observed mosaic laws and took him to the temple for various rituals. Therefore, Christians should follow the footsteps of Jesus by obeying the word of God. Works CitedBen Witherington III. (1998). â€Å"Primary Sources†. Christian History, 17(3), 12-20.Freed, Edwin D (2004).â€Å"Stories of Jesus' Birth†. Continuum International: 119. John P. Meler (1992). Bordering Jew on Reconsidering the Historical Jesus.â€Å"A Chronology of Jesus Life,† pp. 375-433. Anchor Bible Reference Library. Michael Grant. (1977). Jesus. An Historian's Review of the Gospels, p.71 Scribner's

Write a descriptive account of your experience of caring for a patient Essay

Write a descriptive account of your experience of caring for a patient with a variety of needs - Essay Example Every morning I would find him lying on his bed, crying, or talking to himself or to his dead brother. It was obvious that he was in emotional pain. I would greet him with a smile and try to engage him to a few minutes of discussion. I felt that I was comforting him from his thoughts. At the same time, I was actively trying to assess his mood, his flow of thoughts and detect any changes that I had to report to the attending physician. Afterwards I had to give him the medications and make sure that he would take them. Mr. D had a Foley catheter installed, so that he didn’t have to get out of bed often. It was dangerous for him to get up unassisted, because he could fall, due to orthostatic hypotension. I always checked the catheter to make sure it was in the proper position, avoiding urine retention. Then I would check his temperature, pulse and ask about symptoms such as pain or discomfort at the lower abdomen, to make sure that he did not have a urinary tract infection (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 2006). I would also check the intravenous line, observing for signs of thrombophlebitis or skin inflammation at the catheter site. Afterwards, I would assist him to step on the scales, as I kept a constant watch over his weight, both for nutritional and fluid overload reasons. He would always ask me to help him move around the room, and sometimes it was obvious that he was in pain, mainly due to his severe hip osteoarthritis. He would ask me to hold him as he was standing at the window and stared at the view. At those moments, I couldn’t help thinking how lonely he was and how much pain he must have been experiencing, both emotional and somatic. I would then help him sit and eat the breakfast, as I was carefully and tactfully checking his room for dangerous items that he might use to hurt himself. I would come back one more time at noon, to check on him and help him eat lunch. I had to make sure that he would eat

British imperialism and Kipling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

British imperialism and Kipling - Essay Example Dravot being singled out as "neither God nor Devil but a man!" (p, 67). The result of their action was hostility from the natives. In a similar way, the ambitions and fantasy of the British was similar to that of Peachy and Danny. Danny and Peachy through their ill ambitions, sets off for to a foreign land of Kafiristan, â€Å"where no white man has ever been since Alexander the Great† (p, 18), in pursuit of power and wealth. This explains various British Imperialist in many parts of the world such a in Africa and India where they acquired colonies. Similarly the tendencies of the British Imperialist ended as altruism surface faded under the need to conquer and exploit natives. This was the case of Carnehan and Dravot in their fantasy. Nonetheless, the Britain strategy differs in strategy to achieve the common goal. As exemplified in the paper and looking at the events that unfolded in the book Kipling had a contradicting opinion to the subject of imperialism. More specifically, the work of Kipling explores the power tied to imagination. In other words, he dislocates or deviates from reality and concentrates on fantasy. The very attribute and structure of his work explores the coinciding binary that exist between reality and fantasy. Kipling is rather negative concerning to the imperialist mission and its detrimental impact. In Kipling view, Imperialist actions had various negative consequences. This explains his attitude towards "the

Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criteria - Essay Example No two individuals are alike either physically or mentally in this world and hence their learning abilities also might be different. This paper briefly explains my experiences as a learner. The learning theory of constructivism argues that knowledge is actively constructed and not received passively from the environment (Constructivism: a theory of learning, n. d). It is easy to know things, but it is difficult to learn things. Acquisition of knowledge is the initial step of learning. But the knowledge we receive from the environment may not be perfect. In order to construct this knowledge to a perfect shape, we should analyse the knowledge more deeply. For example, during my high school days, one of my science teachers asked me what electricity is. I replied that it is the flow of electrons. Then the teacher asked me in which direction the electron is flowing. I replied it is from cathode to anode. Then he asked me if the electron is flowing from cathode to anode, then why electricity is represented from anode to cathode. I became answerless and the teacher explained that our learning will never be a perfect one if we fail to go deep into the roots of the topic. From then onwards, I have changed my learning style and started to analyse things more deeply. I have realized that knowledge is useless if we fail to do something with that. Nickerson et al, (1985) have mentioned that understanding requires the connecting of facts, the relating of newly acquired information to what is already known and the weaving of bits of knowledge into an integrated and cohesive whole (Nickerson et al, 1985, p.234). Analogy in learning is the process of identifying similarities between two concepts (Teaching approaches: analogies, n. d, p. 2). Complicated topics can be learned properly if we are able to establish some analogies. For example, solar system and the distribution, rotation, revolutions etc of the planets are

Taylor Swift perfume report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taylor Swift perfume report - Essay Example A product is any object which has a distinctive tangible existence. When applied in marketing however, the meaning of product takes in varied form. The product â€Å"may be a good, service or just an idea†4. For this paper, the product which is the subject for discussion is Taylor Swift perfume Wonderstruck. It is manufactured by Elizabeth Arden and is personally endorsed by the famous folk singer Taylor Swift who also bears her name as the namesake of the perfume. The perfume is created by Swift herself with perfumer Olivier Gillotin of Givaudan and is inspired by Swift’s favorite memories and scents, and it features notes of freesia, apple blossom, raspberry, vanilla, honeysuckle, white hibiscus, amber, sandalwood and peach. The packaging includes an antiqued gold Moravian star, a dove and bird cage charms5. The perfume is designed for consumer use and is branded after the singer to encourage easy patronage from the singer’s fans. Given that the product is a personal choice and personally made by Taylor Swift herself (with perfumer Olivier Gillotin of Givaudan), consumers will not accept any other brand because the identification of the perfume to the singer cannot be assigned to another brand. There are several ways where a company determines the price its products. One of the most common pricing methods is the internal accounting based pricing where profit is added as a mark-up in addition to its manufacturing cost6. Projected profit may be added as a ratio to cost or target profit is determined beforehand before determining pricing. Pricing is critical because under a perfect competitive market, price can determine demand; a higher price can discourage demand while a lower price can stimulate demand making a business enterprise more competitive in the market7. In the Taylor Swift Wonderstruck Perfume for Women, the pricing method employed is the value based pricing. â€Å"Value based pricing is tied to the customer’s

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example It is also important to note that volunteering and putting yourself out there can help in the development and advancement of skills and knowledge that is imperative in leadership. For instance, health professionals deal with patients with different understanding capabilities and hence advanced communication skills are needed in order to identify and make sure these patients understand you. Allison Polinski, your strategies to incorporate your strengths in leadership are also spot-on. Training or providing learning opportunities for staff can help align their practices with our strengths. For instance, one of your strengths is learner. In other words, you are always open to new ideas and therefore, providing learning opportunities for the staff will give you an chance to also absorb new ideas. Creating a performance improvement team would also be important for you as a leader in an effort to improve safety and quality of services. An effective team can help you align your strengths with the needs of the organization. In this regard, the team can focus on your strengths and formulate strategies that ensure that the strengths will be effectively utilized. In so doing, employees will follow through and also utilize their best qualities in an effort to achieve organizational objectives (Buckingham,

Sustainability supply chain management Research Paper

Sustainability supply chain management - Research Paper Example Generally, such pressures tend to reverberate alongside an organizations supply chain, especially the big multinationals preferably dealing consumer based products (Carter & Easton, 2011). As of today, public scrutiny is on the rise as consumers are currently aware of the fact that not only the final product that needs close observation, but also the supply chain used by an organization requires close monitoring. This paper will seek to research on sustainability, supply chain management, and bring out factors affecting the functioning of a supply chain. Many supply chains among different industries tend to absorb various external pressures, which traditionally act as a reactive stance to industries’ supply chains. However, several examples exist whereby a number of supply chains used by numerous organizations introduce instruments suitable for rolling out suitable and sustainable supply chains (Elsevier, 2008). Reliable evidence from approved sources maintain that sustainable supply chain management is that which seeks to put into place socially responsible and green proactive products into the identified market. Additionally, such supply chain management introduces performing, competitive, and environmentally acceptable processes into organization’s supply chain. ... anages and cooperate the flow of information and materials of a company effectively, it is true to say that, sustainable supply chain management revolves along three dimensions namely stakeholder, economic, and social requirements. This shows that, sustainable supply chain management takes into account the requirements of a stakeholder, economy, environment, and society (Carter & Easton, 2011). Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that for the social and environmental criteria to remain active in an organization’s supply chain, supply chain members must fulfill the aspect of competitiveness via meeting the needs of customers and related economic criteria. Attributively, as theories and principles of management linked closely with sustainable supply chains continue to advance, requirement for extra or rather additional critical analysis and investigation arises to comprehend further the field. As part of looking for ways to understand better the field of sustainable and supply c hain management, this research sought to identify a number of opportunities that needed investigation. Some of them include reviews of particular lines of development concerning the intersection of supply chain management and sustainability. Furthermore, case studies or empirical fields of companies as well as other initiatives of chain actors whose aim is to enhance aspects of sustainability issues needed a closer outlook (Elsevier, 2008). Cases and concepts considered during integration of particularly relevant sustainability issues within the supply chain management also proved to require research as this field is maturing rapidly. Particularly, contributions brought about by the three dimensions of sustainability and supply chain management sounded imperative to carry out a research on them

Edith Whartons Souls Belated Essay Example for Free

Edith Whartons Souls Belated Essay Point of view always influences the way readers perceive events. In literature, the point of view the author chooses not only affects the way readers perceive and interpret events, but it also determines, to some extent, what the readers can actually see. That is, point of view guides the way readers interpret events and draw conclusions by limiting or illuminating the amount and nature of the information from which conclusions can be drawn. In Souls Belated, Edith Wharton uses point of view to illuminate the thoughts of each character individually, while concealing the thoughts of the other, and eventually to highlight the vastly different mindsets of both characters involved. Wharton first does this by revealing Lydias thoughts to the readers while hiding Gannetts. At the exposition, the story is told in third person, from Lydias point of view. This technique allows readers to see directly into Lydias mind. To know what Gannet is thinking, however, they must accept Lydias version of his thoughts: He was thinking of it now, just as she was; they had been thinking about it in unison ever since they had entered the train (673). Since readers have no direct insight into Gannetts brain, they have no way to know what he is really thinking, but neither do they have, as yet, any substantial reason to doubt Lydias interpretation of events. The third-person-limited point of view is particularly effective because it allows readers to view Lydias thoughts, opinions, and interpretations as facts. If Wharton had chosen to tell the story in first person, from Lydias point of view, the narrative would be clearly subjective. Readers would be aware of the limitations of a first person narrator. Consequently, they would have plenty of incentive to question the accuracy of Lydias perception. On the other hand, if the narrator were omniscient, it would describe Gannetts thoughts as well as Lydias and thereby remove all questions in this matter. The actual third person narrator seems removed enough from the action to appear to be an impartial observer; this inclines readers to accept the narrators statements as facts. That the point of view is limited, however, also leaves in question whether Lydias view of Gannett is correct, whether readers should accept it at face value; this is what  creates the subtle suspense of the story. Wharton builds on this suspense by suggesting that Lydia does know Gannett well enough to know his mind, or, at least, that Lydia thinks she knows Gannett well enough to know: now that he and she were alone she knew exactly what was passing through his mind; she could almost hear him asking himself what he should say to her (673). This not only further inclines readers to accept Lydias interpretation of Gannetts thoughts and emotions, but it also encourages them to be sympathetic to her. Lydia knows what Gannett is thinking, and she dreads it. Since readers know Lydias mind but not Gannetts, they cannot help but see the situation through her eyes. In order to see properly through Lydias eyes, in order to know why she dreads Gannett inevitably speaking to her, readers need to have some sense of her personality. The point of view helps accomplish this as well; it allows readers to extract information about Lydias personality from her reactions to her own memories. For example, when Lydia remembers her ex-husband and her reasons for leaving him, [she] had preferred to think that Tillotson had himself embodied all her reasons for leaving him. Yet she had not left him till she met Gannett (673). From this, readers know that Lydia, at the beginning at least, is not self-secure enough to have left her husband to be on her own. She could not turn from him without having someone else to turn to. However, this discovery had not been agreeable to her self-esteem (673), indicating that not only is Lydia aware of her own insecurity but also that it is something which bothers her. Lydia wants to think of herself as an independent woman but so far has not been as wholly independent as she would like to be. Once readers understand this part of Lydias personality, they are better prepared to understand why Lydia struggles against dependency. Specifically, she struggles against marrying Gannett because she views it as a particularly tempting form of dependency. Lydia fears that by marrying Gannett, she will lose whatever sense of self she has developed since leaving her husband; similarly, she worries that Gannett will lose his sense of self in marrying her. To look upon him as the instrument of her  liberation; to resist herself in the least tendency to a wifely taking possession of his future; had seemed to Lydia the one way of maintaining the dignity of their relation (675). At the same time, however, she realizes that this view of their relationship is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain: she was aware of a growing inability to keep her thoughts fixed on the essential point the point of parting with Gannett (675). Through what the narrator says and does not say about their relationship, readers can infer that Lydia is growing dependent on Gannett but is still trying to fight against it. The insight Wharton gives readers into Lydias personality contrasts sharply with how little they know of Gannett. Because of the narrators limited point of view, readers know only as much about Gannett as Lydia knows. Readers know what Gannett says and what he does, as well as what Lydia presumes he thinks, but they have no way to observe Gannetts thoughts for themselves. Even at one point where the narrative seems to shift to a more omniscient point of view, the narrator can only say, He looked at her hopelessly. Nothing is more perplexing to man than the mental process of a woman who reasons her emotions (678). The narrative still does not describe exactly what Gannett is thinking; it only describes Gannetts action, then makes a general statement which may or may not apply to Gannett specifically. Readers have no way of knowing whether Gannett actually thinks this statement or not; for all they know, it could be what Lydia is thinking, what she presumes about Gannetts state of mind. Not only does this point of view technique make the readers want to know what Gannett is thinking, but it also binds them emotionally to Lydia. They want to know what Gannett is thinking as badly as she does. After building up sufficient desire, Wharton finally satisfies the readers curiosity by shifting the point of view to allow them access to Gannetts thoughts. This shift also corresponds with an important twist in the plot; it comes at the beginning of their last conversation in the hotel room, just before Lydia suggests to Gannett that the only was to resolve their relationship is for her to leave him. Gannett threw away his cigarette; the sound of her voice made him want to see her face (685). Limited though it  is, this is the first time readers can witness Gannetts thoughts directly. Throughout the conversation, the shift intensifies. She sank again on the sofa, hiding her face in her hands. Gannett stood above her perplexedly; he felt as though she were being swept away by some implacable current while he stood helpless on its bank (688). Now, the roles are reversed: readers can know Gannetts emotional state from what the narrator tells them, but they must divine Lydias from he r words and actions. That this point of view shift comes before Lydias suggestion to leave Gannett is important because it brings with it a tone shift. When the readers can see Gannetts desires and emotions, they begin to feel sympathy for him. Now they can see the events through his eyes, too. Conversely, when the narrative distances itself from Lydias thoughts, it distances the readers from Lydia as well. While this distance does not necessarily cancel out any sympathy the readers have for Lydia, their sympathy for her does not overpower their sympathy for Gannett. Indeed, it is because of this newfound sympathy that Lydias, My leaving you, (689) does not seem to the readers like a desirable outcome. Since they now sympathize with both characters, they do not like anything that would cause either one of them pain. An act that would cause both characters pain would be doubly bad. Wharton continues this sympathy for Gannett by telling the last section of the story, where Lydia actually tries to leave him, from his point of view. Wharton also uses this point of view to answer many of Lydias, and therefore the readers, questions. For instance, the readers now get to see how Gannett views marriage, particularly marriage to Lydia. Even had his love lessened, he was now bound to her by a hundred ties of pity and self-reproach; and she, poor child! must turn back to hum as Latude returned to his cell (690). Gannett feels responsible for Lydia as well as bound to her; he possibly even feels somewhat fatherly toward her, as if she was a child who he had an obligation to look after. These are all attitudes opposed to Lydias pride and desire for independence. As Gannett watches Lydia walk away from the hotel, his thoughts continue: If any thought emerged from the tumult of his sensations, it was that he must let her go if she wished it. He had spoken last night of his rights: what were they? At the last issue, he and she were two separate beings, not made one by the miracle of common forbearances, duties, abnegations, but bound together in a noyade of passion that left them resisting yet clinging as they went down. (690) From this statement, readers know Gannetts true attitude toward marriage, that it is a spiritual joining that would give him some sort of right to Lydia. Not only is Gannetts opinion of marriage contrary to Lydias opinion of it, but it also conflicts with what Lydia believes Gannetts opinion to be. Their isolated points of view heighten the contrast between Gannetts and Lydias feelings toward marriage. This separation reminds the readers that although they can see into both Lydias and Gannetts minds, there is no way for either character to know what the other is thinking. Each character is completely cut off from the other; the only way they have to intuit thoughts is for them to interpret the words and actions of the other, just as readers must do, in turn, for each character. The isolation that lets the readers see this limitation is the same isolation that hides, ironically, the limitation from both characters. Lydia, for example, felt she knew exactly what was passing through his mind (673), even though it is her uncertainty that makes what Gannett is thinking so nervewracking for her. In the same way, Gannett later feels that Lydia is walking into a world where no one would understand her no one would pity her and he, who did both, was powerless to come to her aid (690). If Gannett truly understood and pitied Lydia, he would have understood that she is too independent to want is pity. But perhaps the most telling point of view shift comes at the end of the story, where Wharton retreats into an omniscient, objectively descriptive narrator. As Gannett watches Lydia leave the boat and come back to the hotel, back to him, [he] sat down beside a table; a Bradshaw lay at his elbow, and mechanically, without knowing what he did, he began looking out  the trains to Paris (691). The distance of the point of view echoes Gannetts distance from his own emotions. He acts mechanically, not knowing what he is doing because he does not know what he is feeling. Indeed, the distance of the narrative reflects the net numbness of the conflicting emotions that Lydia and Gannett are both feeling. Each must resign himself to marrying the one he loves.

Strategy Development IKEA

Strategy Development IKEA Introduction This report describes the vision of IKEA, the main internal and external factors affecting its strategy development based on the articles and information published in press affecting the socio-economic activities of organisations. The first part of the report is about the history of IKEA and the idea behind IKEA Group then we will discuss the companys social responsibility programmes and how it strives to take advantage of public relations. Afterward, we will move on the affects of internal and external factors influencing the companys strategy development and finally how IKEA has performed since 2005. The external factors show political, economical and social analysis affecting the IKEA Group. It helps readers easily see what the main factors that IKEA should consider in its strategy development are. The history of IKEA Mr. Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of IKEA has been in his own business since he was five. At age of five, he bought matches in bulk cheaply in Stockholm and re-sold them to his neighbours at a lower-price but he was still making profit. Thereafter, he expended his business to selling flowers and greeting card, Christmas tree decorations and also pencils and ball-point pens. In 1961, IKEA starts its first quality test on the products using Swedish testing standards. Since then the company has been engaging innovating, producing and creating quality products with the lowest prices. The idea IKEA, as it says on its website, has a simple but challenging idea â€Å"To create a better every day life for the many people.† The group tries to support this idea, vision, by offering a wide range of stylish home furnishing products at prices so low that everyone will be able to afford them. Developing and creating quality products at low prices is not an easy task. To meet this strategy, high quality at the lowest price, the company involves with diverse aspects of management, production process and also innovation. However, the group does not scarify everything to meet its targets, keeping prices low but not at any price. IKEA works in an industry where there are many rivals and stakeholders, new competitors come in to the market with diverse products and target customers. In such a market environment, it is not easy yet focal to monitor changes and predict what your competitors next step would be. We will discuss the factors that have an impact on IKEA later in the report. â€Å"We shall offer a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at process so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.† THE IKEA Business Idea Strategy Development Factors Furniture retail industry is a huge industry with numerous competitors. Hence, to achieve a considerable market share having innovative products based on customers needs and wants is crucial. Moreover, innovation should be based on a cost effective mind in order to keep the manufacturing process cost as low as possible. The External Factors There are internal and external factors (forces) influencing the development process on every manufacturer. External factors mainly known as political, legal, social/green, economic and competitive and technological forces are often seen by managers as forced factors, nevertheless they plan their strategies based on based forces. These external factors could restrict some industries while open new opportunity windows for others. Currently, there are two external forces that should be more considered in strategy development than others. These factors are social/green forces and economic forces. In recent years, countries and people are more conscious about the environment because of global warming problem. This indicates that companies should become more environmentally friendly and employ new green technologies to reduce their negative impacts on the environment. Going green helps organisations to show their public how responsible they are to the environment. IKEA has published some documents and reports on its official website to reflect its green activities. â€Å"Social and environmental responsibility is a prerequisite for doing good business. IKEA ´s sustainability direction is that â€Å"IKEA`s business shall have an overall positive impact on people and the environment†. The IKEA vision and business idea encourage the work with social and environmental responsibility.† Anders Dahlvig, President and CEO, IKEA Group It is important for firms to convince their customers about their activities and behaviour against different aspects of their activities such as sources of raw materials, production process and standards, etc. all these needs are forces by external forces through new legislations and campaigns. Therefore, IKEA like any other market player should consider reasonable response to such factors. In addition, Economic forces are other external factor affecting companies sales, profits and turnovers. Currently, the world economy is suffering huge problems and difficulties due to US credit crises and international credit crunch. The recent credit crises in the US has cause a recession in the US market where is the second main market place of IKEA1 in other words, due to the economic difficulties, the US customers are not willing to purchase new goods as same as before as they do not have enough money to afford it. Hence, the group should consider new strategies for the US market to not only keep its market share, also avoid any profit loss. Furniture retail industry like other industries needs innovation to survive and compete in perfect markets. Innovation is the key to design and produce new products at competitive prices. However, about 50% of new products are not successful and are failed for different reasons. A company like IKEA with powerful presence in international markets should always recognise new product and opportunities to produce new innovated successful products. The Internal Factors The internal factors that should be considered in strategy development are more focused on factors that are controllable and can be predicted. E.g. customer services, product promotion, etc. The group is planning to double its size and build 20 new factories in the next five years according to the group. This new expansion requires considerable strategies and plans to the groups targets. However, building new facilities do not guarantee the success of the business. The idea behind IKEA is to produce quality products at low prices that appeal to the most people as possible. To hit this target, the group needs innovation to produce competitive products in one hand; on the other hand, it should exploit new technologies to make the production lines more efficient. A report published by Jeanette Martens son there are serious problems concerning the store project cost follow ups. Moreover, he argues that the store project cost follow up is too inflexible and a deliberate deviation from the specifications has to be done in order to study costs for different items specifically. In addition to cost management, marketing strategies and advertising programmes are internal factors that should be planned and considered in the strategy development plan. 1- IKEA financial fiscal report published on the Internet IKEA since 2005 IKEA Group is a multinational company possessing 231 stores expanded 24 countries. The group has developed 45 trading service offices in 31 countries, together with31 distribution centres and 11 customer distribution centres in 16 countries. According to the financial figures published by the group, there is a steady rise in the sales figures, increased by 1.34% from 2005 to 2007, hit a new record of 19.8 billion euros in 2007. As the official figures illustrates, IKEAs main market places are Europe, North America with 82% and 15% respectively. Asia and Australia had only 3% of sales contribution in the same financial period. Nevertheless, China with 22% and Poland with 16% are the countries with higher purchasing figures. Italy with 8%, and Sweden and Germany both with 8% are other countries where customers were more interested in the products of the group. Apart from financial statistics, IKEA has business relationship with 1,350 suppliers in 50 countries. Moreover, the group has e mployed 96,300 people in Europe, 16,450 workers in North America and also 5,250 employees in Asia and Australia. Apart from the published financial data, the group has been trying to increase its corporate social responsibilities and become more environmentally friendly by become greener and also employing new technologies with the lowest negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, the company is concerned about sources of raw materials used in the production lines. IKEA code of conduct IWAY Showing responsibility for people and the environment is a prerequisite for doing good business. Thats why IKEA requires suppliers to comply with the companys code of conduct, â€Å"The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products† (IWAY). IWAY defines in detail criteria relating to working conditions, minimum wages, overtime payments, the right to belong to a trade union, emissions to water and air, waste and chemical management, and bans on child labour and discrimination in the workplace. Conclusion In conclusion, planning a strategic development plan requires numerous considerations and aspects. Every strategy development plan includes two main factors, internal factors and external factors. The external factors are those factors that are not controlled by companies whereas the internal factors are controlled by companies. Furniture retail industry is a huge industry with its especial potentials. However, there are some factors in retail industries that have direct impact on sales and also future success of each member of retail industries. Economic influences are part of these motivations. IKEA Group, as a multi-national group should consider the current economic recession in the US as North America is its second major market place. Recent mortgage crises, credit crunch and economic recession have caused financial difficulties for US economy; hence, customers are not willing to buy new products as they cannot afford it. IKEA is considered as a dominant furniture retail market player in Europe and it is recognised as a serious competitor in North America market; nonetheless, IKEA is not recognised as a major market player in Asia and Australia according the groups official annual report. Therefore, theses markets should be targeted in the future development and marketing plans if IKEA looks for new customers from these regions and also higher turnover.